The idea is that we want to get information about how crime evolved. Here we could have done a loop, but could not yet find a way to properly do it. We have created a data set for each year. The results are interesting. If we compare how many observations we have in each crime-per year data sets, we see that we have ~40.000ish cases a year except from 2020 (which is due to COVID) and the year 2021 (which is not finished. We don’t make any datasets for the year 2013 and below, because we see that we have not many observations which date prior to the year 2013. The graph represent the monthly evolution of crime for each year. We see that there seems to be a sort of pattern and that, each year, crime increases mid-year before decreasing in December.
Next, we calculate the crime per capita for each year with the piping operator, grouping by community and summarize the rates. In the end we create the crime evolution data sets which is a combination of all the data.
Another interesting way to visualise how crime evolved is by using an animated map. We can create animated maps using the tmap_animation function. Yet, in order to be in position to use it, we have to create a very particular tibble. In the case at hand, we want our animated map to display crime per capita evolution over 7 years (from 2014 to 2020, we get ride of 2021 as the year is not complete). Therefore, we must have 7 x 56 observations, one crime per capita value for each year, for each 56 area. Yet, the tibble becomes a bit more peculiar as for each observation, we have to add a in a separate column, a polygon (which is an S4 element) corresponding to the area in question. It is not possible to use a function like the rep function to replicate S4 elements, therefore, we had to do that manually.
Once the tibble is built, we want to merge the data contained in it in a SpatialPolygonsDataFrame. We want to use the baltimore SpatialPolygonsDataFrame.However, as the tibble contains 392 observations, this will enlarge our our SpatialPolygonsDataFrame. As the baltimore object is also used for other purposes, we create an alias. Then, we merge the newly created tibble with the newly created alias, simply using left_join. We create the bbox object as well as an object called pb. The first element allows us to delimit the geographical area of interest and the second allows us to create custom classes. Finally, we crate a map using the tm_shape function. We animate the latter using tmap_animation.
anim_tibble <- tibble(Year=rep(2020:2014,56),Community=rep(Community_data$Community,each=7),CrimeRate=as.vector(t(crime_evolution[,-c(1,2,3,4,6,8,10,12,14,16)])),geometry=list(
baltimore@polygons[[1]],baltimore@polygons[[1]],baltimore@polygons[[1]],baltimore@polygons[[1]],baltimore@polygons[[1]],baltimore@polygons[[1]],baltimore@polygons[[1]],
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baltimore@polygons[[54]],baltimore@polygons[[54]],baltimore@polygons[[54]],baltimore@polygons[[54]],baltimore@polygons[[54]],baltimore@polygons[[54]],baltimore@polygons[[54]],
baltimore@polygons[[55]],baltimore@polygons[[55]],baltimore@polygons[[55]],baltimore@polygons[[55]],baltimore@polygons[[55]],baltimore@polygons[[55]],baltimore@polygons[[55]],
baltimore@polygons[[56]],baltimore@polygons[[56]],baltimore@polygons[[56]],baltimore@polygons[[56]],baltimore@polygons[[56]],baltimore@polygons[[56]],baltimore@polygons[[56]]))
baltimore_alias <- baltimore
baltimore_alias@polygons <- anim_tibble$geometry
baltimore_alias@data$community %in% anim_tibble$Community #Again, we ensure that we have a perfect match
baltimore_alias@data <-left_join(baltimore_alias@data,anim_tibble,by = c('community' = 'Community'))
bbox <- baltimore@bbox
pb <- c(0,25,50,75,100,125,150,175,200,225,250)
animated_crime_map <- tm_shape(baltimore_alias,bbox = bbox, projection = crs.geo1) +
tm_polygons("CrimeRate",breaks=pb) +
tm_facets(free.scales.fill = F,along = "Year")+tm_shape(baltimore)+tm_borders()
tmap_animation(animated_crime_map, delay=100)